1. Because Roots Need Oxygen in order to grow, they don’t normally grow in the compacted, oxygen-poor soils under paved streets.
   
2. The Root Collar is usually at or near the ground-line and is identifiable as a marked swelling of the tree trunk.
   
3. Note: A few species have a Taproot that grows straight down three to seven feet or more until they encounter impenetrable soil or rock layers, or reach layers with insufficient supplies of oxygen.
   
4. The Framework of major roots usually lies less than eight to twelve inches below the surface and often grows outward to a diameter one to two times the height of the tree.
   
5. A complex network of smaller non-woody Feeder Roots grow outward and upward from the framework roots. These smaller roots branch four or more times to form fans or mats of thousands of fine, short, non-woody roots. These slender roots, with their tiny root hairs, provide the major portion of the absorption surface of a tree’s root system. They compete directly with the roots of grass and other groundcovers.

Tree Losses due to:

• Physical damage
• Soil compaction
• Water Stress
• Climatic extremes
• Soil compaction